IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED LAND USE PLANNING
A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE FOR RURAL AREAS
Table of Contents
Introductory Guide
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: NATURE AND SCOPE
1.1. Land and Land Use
1.2. Land Use Planning
1.2.1. Top-down Land Use Planning
1.2.2. Integrated Land Use Planning
1.2.3. Participatory Land Use Planning
1.3. Why is Land Use Planning Needed?
1.4. Planning at Different Levels
1.4.1. Planning at International Level
1.4.2. Planning at National Level
1.4.3. Intermediate Level Planning
1.4.4. Local Level Planning
1.5. People in Planning
1.6. Emerging Issues in Land Use Planning
1.6.1. Climate Change
1.6.2. Restoration of Degraded Land, Land Degradation Neutrality, and Biodiversity Maintenance
1.6.3. Peri-urban and Urban Agriculture
1.6.4. Tenure and Land Rights of Women and Indigenous Peoples
1.6.5. Mainstreaming, Upscaling, and Outscaling Land Use Planning Results
CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS
2.1. The Nine-Step Approach
2.2. Quick Guide to the Nine Steps
2.2.1. Step 1: Initiate the Land Use Planning Process
2.2.2. Step 2: Identify the People with an Interest in the Land Use Question
2.2.3. Step 3: Establish a Land Use Planning Task Force
2.2.4. Step 4: Characterize the Land, Its Uses, and Users
2.2.5. Step 5: Undertake Integrated Analyses of Land Use Change
2.2.6. Step 6: Negotiate Suitable and Acceptable Land Use Options
2.2.7. Step 7: Prepare the Land Use Plan
2.2.8. Step 8: Implement the Land Use Plan
2.2.9. Step 9: Monitor, Evaluate, and Revise the Land Use Plan
Practitioner’s Guide
STEP 1: INITIATE THE LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS
1.1. Initiators and Responsibilities
1.2. Key Questions
1.3. Activities
1.4. Deliverables
1.5. Tools
1.6. Checklist
STEP 2: IDENTIFY THE PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE LAND USE ISSUE
2.1. Rationale
2.2. Key Questions
2.3. Activities
2.4. Deliverables
2.5. Tools
2.6. Checklist
STEP 3: ESTABLISH A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TASK FORCE THAT INCLUDES STAKEHOLDER REPRESENTATIVES
3.1. Composition
3.1.1. Task Force at Community Level
3.1.2. Task Force at Sub-national Level
3.1.3. Task Force at National Level
3.2. Key Questions
3.3. Activities
3.4. Deliverables
3.5. Tools
3.6. Checklist
STEP 4: CHARACTERIZE THE LAND, ITS USES, AND USERS
4.1. Characterization at Different Planning Levels
4.1.1. Introduction
4.1.2. Data Needs for Task Forces at National Level
4.1.3. Task Forces and Data Needs at Sub-national Level
4.1.3.1. Land-Related Themes
4.1.3.2. Land Use and Management
4.1.3.3. Information Needs on the Land Users
4.1.4. Task Force and Data Needs at Local Level
4.1.4.1. Participatory Mapping
4.1.4.2. Village Boundary Delineation
4.1.4.3. Stakeholder Analysis
4.1.5. Transforming Raw Characterization Data into an Initial Situation Assessment
4.1.5.1. Economic-Ecological Zones (EEZ)
4.1.5.2. Livelihood Zones (L-Zones)
4.2. Key Questions
4.3. Activities
4.4. Deliverables
4.5. Tools
4.6. Checklist
STEP 5: UNDERTAKE INTEGRATED (BIOPHYSICAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND LEGAL) ANALYSES
5.1. Studies to Be Considered Prior to Implementing Land Use Changes
5.1.1. Biophysical Land Suitability
5.1.1.1. Qualitative Land Suitability Assessment
5.1.1.2. Semi-quantitative Land Suitability Assessment
5.1.1.3. Quantitative Analysis Through Crop Simulation Models
5.1.2. Assessment of Sustainable Land Management
5.1.3. Economic Suitability
5.1.3.1. Gross Margin Analysis (GMA)
5.1.3.2. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (DCA)
5.1.4. Environmental Impact
5.1.5. Social Impact
5.1.6. Legal Analysis
5.2. Key Questions
5.3. Activities
5.4. Deliverables
5.4.1. Land Suitability Reports
5.4.2. Impact Assessment Reports
5.4.3. Identification of Optimal Development Options
5.5. Tools
5.6. Checklist
STEP 6: NEGOTIATE SUITABLE AND ACCEPTABLE LAND USE OPTIONS
6.1. The Negotiation Process
6.1.1. Planning for Successful Negotiations
6.1.1.1. Plan for Managing Potential Conflicts
6.1.1.2. Focus on Interests Rather Than Positions
6.1.2. Conducting the Negotiations
6.1.2.1. Setting the Ground Rules to Guarantee a Fair Negotiation Process
6.1.2.2. Facilitating Consensus Building
6.1.2.3. Organizing the Negotiations
6.1.2.4. Outcome of the Process
6.2. Key Questions
6.3. Activities
6.4. Deliverables
6.5. Tools
6.6. Checklist
STEP 7: PREPARE THE LAND USE PLAN
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Formalization of the Land Use Plan
7.3. Key Questions
7.4. Activities
7.5. Deliverables
7.6. Tools
7.7. Checklist
STEP 8: IMPLEMENT THE LAND USE PLAN
8.1. Implementation at Different Planning Levels
8.2. Effective Implementation Practices
8.3. Strategies for Land Use Plan Implementation
8.3.1. Incentives and Regulations
8.3.2. Institutional Strengthening
8.4. Key Questions
8.5. Activities
8.6. Deliverables
8.7. Tools
8.8. Checklist
STEP 9: MONITOR, EVALUATE AND REVISE THE LAND USE PLAN
9.1. Monitoring and Evaluation
9.2. Evaluating Plan Conformance and Performance
9.3. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
9.4. Plan Revision
9.5. Key Questions
9.6. Activities
9.7. Deliverables
9.8. Tools
9.9. Checklist
REFERENCES
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Examples of Land Use Drivers, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses
Annex 2. Overview of PRA Methods
Annex 3. General Report Outlines for Land Suitability and Impact Assessment Studies
Annex 4. Useful Land Use Planning Tools: Summary